Research from the 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability revealed that nearly 8 million, or 27% of Canadians above the age of 15, are living with one or more disabilities. Surprisingly, studies also show that 80% of disabilities or conditions can be considered ‘invisible’. This means that they affect a person’s everyday life without obvious outward symptoms.

Unfortunately, because these disabilities can’t be physically seen or immediately identified, people living with hidden disabilities may face misunderstanding, discrimination and exclusion. Non-visible disabilities are also often overlooked in discussions about accessibility and inclusion. Read on to learn more about what non-visible disabilities are, the unique challenges they create and practical steps you can take to support and advocate for a more inclusive world.

What is a Non-Visible Disability?

An invisible disability is a physical, mental or neurological disorder or illness that has few or no outward signs, but can limit or challenge a person’s ability to move, learn, work or participate in activities. Many people prefer the term ‘non-visible’ or ‘hidden’ because ‘invisible’ suggests that the disability doesn’t exist and can question the legitimacy of someone’s experience.

Different than visible disabilities, which often involve physical symptoms, behaviours, or the use of assistive devices, it can be difficult for others to recognize when someone is living with a non-visible disability. Hidden disabilities are extremely diverse and can be permanent, temporary or situation-based. Symptoms may range from mild to severe and vary from person to person, and because of this, everyone’s needs and the barriers they face can be quite different.

What Are Examples of Non-Visible Disabilities?

The term non-visible disability covers a wide spectrum of conditions or illnesses including, brain injuries, autoimmune disorders, chronic pain, mental illness, gastrointestinal disorders, developmental and learning differences, hearing loss, sleep disorders, severe allergies and more. Some specific examples include:

• Multiple Sclerosis
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Lyme Disease
• Depression
• Diabetes
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Dyslexia
• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder
• Fibromyalgia Syndrome
• Arthritis
• Crohn’s disease
• Narcolepsy
• Endometriosis
• Haemophilia
• Ulcerative Colitis

For a more extensive list of non-visible conditions and illnesses, visit this Invisible Disabilities Index.

How Can You Support a Person Living with a Hidden Disability?

Supporting a person with a non-apparent disability requires understanding, empathy and a respect for their experiences. Here are some ways you can do this in your daily life:

• Respect Privacy: Many people with non-visible disabilities aren’t comfortable disclosing their condition. This can be due to many reasons, including existing stigmas, the fear of being treated differently or to avoid insensitive comments. Do not pressure someone to share details and let them lead the way on the information they are willing to provide.
• Avoid Assumptions: Never assume that because someone looks ‘fine’ that they aren’t struggling. Avoid making comments like, “You don’t look sick,” or “I’m sure it’s not that bad.” If someone requires accommodations like extended sick leave, the use of an assistive device for a short period of time or the support of a service dog, be supportive without questioning or dismissing these needs.
• Learn More: If someone you know shares their non-visible disability with you, take some time to educate yourself. Knowing more about a person’s symptoms and limitations can help you anticipate their needs and be more empathetic. For example, if a colleague is struggling with chronic fatigue, you may aim to schedule important meetings first thing in the morning when you know your team member is at their best.
• Be Patient: Non-visible disabilities can affect people in diverse ways, which means that two people with the same disability can have very different experiences. The health and abilities of one person can also fluctuate and their symptoms may show up differently over time. Understand that a person may have good days and bad days, so try to remain flexible with your expectations and be willing to adapt as needed.
• Advocate: Push for increased accessibility at work, in your community and within your social groups. Encourage inclusive and respectful language avoiding phrases like ‘crazy’ or ‘lazy’ which can be dismissive or stigmatizing for people living with non-visible disabilities. If you hear someone making incorrect assumptions or insensitive comments, such as questioning why an apparently able-bodied person is parking in an accessible spot—remind them that many disabilities aren’t visible.

Although non-visible disabilities are ‘hidden’, they can have a significant impact on the lives of people who are living with them. Increasing awareness around hidden disabilities will help to reduce the stigma and encourage people to be more open about their unique experiences and needs. Non-visible disabilities require the same understanding, support and accommodation as all other disabilities. Through empathy, awareness and advocacy, everyone should feel safe, valued and understood, regardless of their challenges.

 

VHA Home HealthCare (VHA) is committed to providing a safe, inclusive and supportive work environment, ensuring that all staff and service providers are treated fairly, equitably, and respectfully.

 

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